Risk Factors Associated with MDR-TB among Tuberculosis Patients in Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: In Nigeria, patients accessing Directory Observed Therapy (DOTS) treatment are exposed to resistance to anti-TB drugs, hence is considered a priority, only few studies have focused on the relevant risk factors, Factors leading to development of drug resistance need to be understood to develop appropriate control strategies for national programs

Method: The study was a cross sectional study design. Multistage sampling technique was employed in the selection of403 tuberculosis patients in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State. Data were collected using self-administered structured questionnaire, and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Level of significance was set at P<0.05.

Results: Fifty three (13.2%) of the total respondent had Multidrug Resistant TB (MDR-TB) which is more among the males 36(67.9%) (p>0.05). Education and Occupation shows a significant association with MDR-TB, (χ2=24.640, p = 0.007) and (χ2=14.416, p = 0.006) respectively,risk factors such asprevious TB treatment and Adherence with treatment regimen (r=0.270, p<0.05), HIV (r=0.168, p<0.05) and smoking (ß=0.107, t=2.144, p<0.05) were statistically associated with development of acquired MDR-TB.

Conclusion: This finding revealed that Previous TB treatment andAdherence with treatment regimen were found to be the major risk factor for MDR-TB. Targeted educational intervention for patients and their contacts may minimize the non-adherence with prescribed TB treatment and lessen MDR-TB magnitude. High quality directly observed treatment should be strengthened to ensure that the previously treated patients can receive standard and regular regimens.