Characterisation and Optimisation of Cassava Cortex and Cow Bone- Reinforced Polymer Composite: A Review

Abstract

The increasing demand for sustainable and eco-friendly materials has highlighted the need for alternative reinforcement materials in polymer composites, as traditional synthetic fibres pose significant environmental concerns. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the characterisation and optimisation of cassava cortex and cow bone-reinforced polymer composites, which have emerged as promising sustainable materials. The review examines the physical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of these composites, including the influence of fibre content, fibre orientation, and fibre-matrix interfacial bonding on their overall performance. Various optimisation techniques, such as chemical treatment of fibres, incorporation of coupling agents, and hybridisation with other reinforcement materials, are discussed to enhance the properties of these composites. The potential applications of cassava cortex and cow bonereinforced polymer composites in various industries, including construction, automotive, and packaging, are also explored. By providing a comprehensive analysis of the current state of knowledge in this field, this review aims to stimulate further research and development of these sustainable materials, ultimately contributing to the creation of more environmentally friendly products.