Synthesis of Biomass-Derived Sulphonated Heterogeneous Bifunctional Catalyst-Ce-OrP-SO3H for Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil

Authors

  • F. A Aderibigbe Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin. Ilorin, Kwara State
  • B.S Harvis Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
  • S. I Mustapha Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin. Ilorin, Kwara State
  • I. A Mohammed Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin. Ilorin, Kwara State
  • S. O. Ochapa Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin. Ilorin, Kwara State
  • A. A Adeyemo Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin. Ilorin, Kwara State

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36108/ujees/5202.70.0150

Keywords:

Biodiesel,, Bifunctional catalyst, Optimization,, Transesterification, Waste Cooking Oil

Abstract

This study uses a bifunctional catalyst made from orange peel-derived porous activated carbon enriched with SO3H and impregnated with calcined eggshell to optimise biodiesel production utilising waste cooking oil. The catalyst was characterised using SEM/EDX, XRD, BET, and FTIR techniques. The optimisation of biodiesel production was assessed through response surface methodology based on central composite design (RSM-CCD), considering factors such as temperature, catalyst loading, reaction time, and methanol-to-oil ratio. The optimal conditions were 2% catalyst loading, a 6:1 methanol-to-oil ratio, 60 °C reaction temperature, and 60 min reaction time, resulting in an 87.5% FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) conversion. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis showed both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the biodiesel.

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Published

2025-11-21

Issue

Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): Volume 7, Number 1, 2025

Section

Articles