DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A MICROCONTROLLER BASED AUTOMATED GREENHOUSE MONITORING AND CONTROL SYSTEM

Abstract

Efficient environmental control remains a major challenge in greenhouse farming, where manual monitoring and semi-automated methods often lead to unstable growing conditions, reduced crop yield, and excessive use of water and energy. This study presents the design and implementation of an automated greenhouse monitoring system for real time environmental regulation. The system integrates temperature and humidity sensing using DHT11, soil moisture measurement using capacitive sensors, and light intensity detection using LDR sensors, all interfaced with an ESP32 microcontroller. A rule-based control mechanism was developed to automatically activate actuators such as water pumps, ventilation fans, and lighting when environmental parameters exceeded predefined thresholds. Experimental evaluation showed that the system maintained optimal environmental conditions 95 percent of the time with an average response time of less than 10 seconds. Comparative analysis with manual greenhouse management demonstrated a 30 percent reduction in water consumption and a 25 percent decrease in energy usage. The results indicate that the developed system provides a reliable and scalable approach for precision greenhouse management and sustainable crop production.