DEVELOPMENT OF IoT-BASED AIR QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) solution type in the form of an air quality monitoring system, whose primary goal is to provide accurate, real-time measurements of air pollution levels, which are crucial for urban planning and public health protection. Air pollution is a serious environmental problem that jeopardises sustainable development and causes serious health hazards. Important sensors, such as the DHT22, which measures both temperature and humidity, the MQ-9, used to detect carbon monoxide, and the MQ-135, used to measure combustible gases. An I2C LCD is used to display the result. A system for monitoring and analysing major air pollutants in real time was created using the Internet of Things (IoT) in order to solve this problem. The system collects data using a microcontroller (ESP8266) that is interfaced with a collection of gas sensors, including those for CO₂, CO, and combustible gases. The gathered sensor data is sent to a cloud-based platform over Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), allowing for ongoing online access and storage. Through the use of a web interface, users and environmental authorities can remotely monitor air quality levels in real time, via dashboards. PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 10–35 μg/m³ indoors and 18–90 μg/m³ outdoors, according to recorded measurements, while CO2 levels ranged from 420–950 ppm indoors and roughly 400–450 ppm outside. This method makes it easier to make data-driven decisions about public awareness and air quality management. By improving accessibility through cloud storage integration, stakeholders can react more quickly to potentially dangerous situations. The project's success demonstrates how the Internet of Things can promote smart city projects and encourage environmental sustainability.