ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF LIGHT EMITTING DIODE (LED), ORGANIC- LED (OLED) AND MICRO-LED TELEVISION TECHNOLOGIES

Abstract

Light Emitting Diode (LED), Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED), and Micro-Light Emitting Diode (Micro-LED) represent key innovations, each with distinct operational mechanisms, efficiency patterns, and recyclability prospects. While earlier studies emphasized image fidelity and consumer appeal, limited empirical data exists comparing these technologies on sustainability indicators such as energy use,carbon emissions, and life-cycle impacts. Addressing this gap is critical given rising e-waste concerns, escalating energy demand, and the pressing climate agenda. The study aimed to conduct an assessment of LED, OLED, and Micro-LED televisions to determine their relative strengths in energy efficiency and environmental sustainability. Power consumption was measured with high-precision Wattmeter,while luminance was captured using calibrated photometers. Life-cycle Assessment (ISO 14040/44) and carbon emission modelling quantified environmental burdens, while recyclability indices were derived from material composition studies. Results indicated a consistent hierarchy: Micro-LED > OLED > LED. Micro-LED recorded the lowest annual energy consumption (131.4 kWh) compared to OLED (160.6 kWh) and LED (175.2 kWh), alongside the highest luminous efficacy (11.1 lm/W). Carbon emissions followed a similar trend, with Micro-LED emitting 65.7 kgCO2 annually versus OLED (80.3 kgCO2) and LED (87.6 kgCO2).