COCONUT SHELL FIBRES AS NATURAL REINFORCEMENT IN CONCRETE PAVING UNITS: A REVIEW

Abstract

There is a rising demand for sustainable construction materials that has propelled research into use of natural fibre as reinforcement in concrete composites. This paper presents a review of mechanical performance of Coconut Shell Fibre (CSF) reinforced Interlocking Paving Stones (IPS) used for Road Construction Applications. The review covers the intrinsic properties of CSFs, such as tensile strength, aspect ratio, durability and water absorption, and how these properties affect their reinforcing ability in cementitious matrices. Special attention is given to the fibre-matrix bonding mechanisms, mechanical interlock, chemical adhesion (improved by alkali treatments), and crack-bridging capacities, which all help the composite to perform better. The paper assesses the effects of the dosages of the CSF on mechanical properties of the cement and shows that the optimum dosage range for CSF is 0.5% to 1.0% by weight of cement that can improve flexural strength and impact resistance of the cement, while beyond this range would affect workability and compressive strength. When comparing with other natural fibres like sisal, jute and coir, it can be observed that CSFs possess an optimum balance of mechanical efficiency, economics and environment friendliness, making them suitable for IPS applications in areas where coconut waste is available. Incorporating CSFs in IPS allows for better mechanical properties like toughness, flexural strength, and impact resistance while also being a step towards sustainable construction through the use of agricultural waste. These results help to place CSF-reinforced IPS as a viable eco-friendly solution for light traffic roadways and pedestrian pavements in line with the world's vision for green infrastructure development.